The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has explained in the hadith that liability is imposed on everyone, big or small, male or female, free man or slave. However, for minor child be represented by a guardian in the issuing charity. Ibn Hajar said: "What appeared from the hadith that the zakat obligation imposed on a child, but the order was drawn to his guardian. Thus, the obligation is redeemable from such a small boy treasures. If not, then it becomes an obligation of the people who gives him a living, this is an argument of Islamic scholars". (Qur'an Surah Al-Fath (3:369), see also Qur'an Surah At-Tamhid (14:326-328, 335-336)
Nafi' said :
"It used to Ibn 'Umar give zakat of a small child and an adult, so he used to really give zakat of my son". (Saheeh, Hadith Al-Bukhari, Kitabuz Zakat Chapter 77, No. 1511, and Qur'an Surah Al-Fath (3:375) Similarly, slaves represented by the slave master. (Qur'an Surah Al-Fath, 3:369)
Are non-Muslims also exposed to liability of Zakat?
For example a child who disbelieve, if his father (a Muslim) is obliged to give their zakat? The answer is No. Because the Prophet gave the note at the end of the hadith that the obligation applies to the Muslims (among Muslims). Although in this case there is also argued that they should remain excluded zakat. But the opinion is not strong, since it is incompatible with dzahir hadith of the Prophet.
Should Fetal (Fetus) give zakat as well?
The answer is No. Because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam obliges it to child, while the fetus is not called ( child ) both in terms of both language and customs. Even Ibn Mundhir citing ijma' (consensus of islamic scholars) about not obligatory zakat for the fetus. Although actually there is also the opinion about the obligatory on the fetus, which is partly narrated by Al-Imam Ahmad and Ibn Hazm's opinion with a note that the fetus is 120 days old. Another opinion of Al-Imam Ahmad is a sunnah. However, two recent opinion is weak, because it is not in accordance with the above hadith.
Is Zakat a mandatory for people who are poor?
Ibn al-Qayyim said "If the obligation is attached when he was able to implement it and then after that he was unable to, the obligation does not fall from him. And it is not mandatory (ie; fall) if he is unable to since those obligations attached to him" (Badai'ul Fawa`id, 4/33)
The criteria are not able in this case, then Asy- Syaukani explains: "Anyone who does not get the rest of the staple food for the evening and noon, then it is not obligated to pay zakat al-fitr. If he has the rest of the staple food of the day, he must pay zakat al-fitr when it reaches the rest of its size (the amount of zakat al-fitr)" (Ad-Darari, 1/365, Ar-Raudhatun Nadiyyah, 1/553, see also Fataawa al-Lajnah Ad-da`imah, 9/369).
Nafi' said :
"It used to Ibn 'Umar give zakat of a small child and an adult, so he used to really give zakat of my son". (Saheeh, Hadith Al-Bukhari, Kitabuz Zakat Chapter 77, No. 1511, and Qur'an Surah Al-Fath (3:375) Similarly, slaves represented by the slave master. (Qur'an Surah Al-Fath, 3:369)
Are non-Muslims also exposed to liability of Zakat?
For example a child who disbelieve, if his father (a Muslim) is obliged to give their zakat? The answer is No. Because the Prophet gave the note at the end of the hadith that the obligation applies to the Muslims (among Muslims). Although in this case there is also argued that they should remain excluded zakat. But the opinion is not strong, since it is incompatible with dzahir hadith of the Prophet.
Should Fetal (Fetus) give zakat as well?
The answer is No. Because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam obliges it to child, while the fetus is not called ( child ) both in terms of both language and customs. Even Ibn Mundhir citing ijma' (consensus of islamic scholars) about not obligatory zakat for the fetus. Although actually there is also the opinion about the obligatory on the fetus, which is partly narrated by Al-Imam Ahmad and Ibn Hazm's opinion with a note that the fetus is 120 days old. Another opinion of Al-Imam Ahmad is a sunnah. However, two recent opinion is weak, because it is not in accordance with the above hadith.
Is Zakat a mandatory for people who are poor?
Ibn al-Qayyim said "If the obligation is attached when he was able to implement it and then after that he was unable to, the obligation does not fall from him. And it is not mandatory (ie; fall) if he is unable to since those obligations attached to him" (Badai'ul Fawa`id, 4/33)
The criteria are not able in this case, then Asy- Syaukani explains: "Anyone who does not get the rest of the staple food for the evening and noon, then it is not obligated to pay zakat al-fitr. If he has the rest of the staple food of the day, he must pay zakat al-fitr when it reaches the rest of its size (the amount of zakat al-fitr)" (Ad-Darari, 1/365, Ar-Raudhatun Nadiyyah, 1/553, see also Fataawa al-Lajnah Ad-da`imah, 9/369).